Osteoporosis Review

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Category: Illness

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Osteoporosis Review, Help and Solution 

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Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens your bones, making them more likely to break later in life. Your bones are dynamic structures that constantly change and adapt to the environment and stressors you put on them.

With age, your bones become weaker and develop micro-fractures as a result of minor traumas. This makes you more prone to fractures when you’re older.

If not treated early on, this disease can also lead to compression of the spine or even a broken rib. In fact, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF), one in two women and one in five men will develop osteoporosis after the age of 50.

But there are ways you can prevent it from happening or delay its onset by making some lifestyle changes today. Keep reading to learn more about osteoporosis and how to prevent it!

 

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become weak and more likely to break. Osteoporosis often happens after age 50, but it can occur in younger people as well. Women are more likely than men to develop the disease.

Osteoporosis causes bone damage that is sometimes called “porous bones.” Bones become porous because they lose minerals, such as calcium, that are needed to keep them strong. The body may also produce too few new bone cells or not enough new bone tissue.

This “bone loss” leaves bones thin and fragile.

Bones are living tissues; they are constantly breaking down and rebuilding themselves through remodeling. When osteoporosis occurs, however, this natural remodeling process works against you. Instead of adding new bone tissue to strengthen your bones, your body breaks down more bone than it builds up, leading to weaker bones over time.

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There are two types of osteoporosis: primary and secondary.

 

Primary Osteoporosis

Primary osteoporosis occurs when your body makes too little new bone or doesn’t replenish old bone as quickly as it breaks down. This can happen because you have low levels of minerals needed to build strong bones (calcium, phosphorus) or because your body doesn’t respond properly to these minerals.

Your body may also be unable to absorb nutrients from the food you eat, which leads to poor growth of new bone cells (protein).

Osteoporosis Review and Solution

Secondary Osteoporosis

Secondary osteoporosis happens when another medical condition causes the breakdown of healthy bone tissue at an accelerated rate. Examples include:
Cancer or cancer treatment—Chemotherapy can weaken bones, lowering their density and making them more susceptible to fractures. Radiation therapy also can weaken bones. If you have cancer, talk with your doctor about ways to reduce the risk of fractures during treatment.

You may need to take medications or use other strategies to strengthen your bones before or after treatment begins or surgery is scheduled.

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Who is affected by Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis affects people of all ages, but it is more common in older adults. The risk increases as you get older, especially after menopause for women. Men also have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis after age 60.

 

Risk factors for osteoporosis include:

● Age – Osteoporosis becomes more likely as you get older because your body stops making as much new bone as it did when you were younger.
● Gender – Women are at greater risk of osteoporosis than men because their bones naturally become thinner after menopause. Men also have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis after age 60.
● Family history – If your parents or other family members had osteoporosis or broken bones due to weak bones, your risk might be higher than average. Your genes play a role in how likely you are to develop this condition.

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Causes

Osteoporosis occurs when this balance between bone formation and breakdown is disrupted, and more bone is lost than gained. The causes of osteoporosis include:

Age-related hormonal changes: Your body produces less estrogen and testosterone as you age. These hormones are responsible for building strong bones. When their levels fall below normal levels, your body loses calcium from your bones and deposits it in other tissues instead. This leads to weak bones that break easily.

Genetics: Your genes may affect how quickly osteoporosis develops in you or how well you respond to treatment for it.

Family history: If someone in your family has had fractures related to poor bone density, you may be at greater risk of developing osteoporosis later in life.

 

Symptoms

Osteoporosis symptoms vary from person to person. Some people with osteoporosis may never experience any symptoms at all. Others may have discomfort from a broken bone or arthritis of the hip or spine.

Severe cases of osteoporosis can result in fractures that aren’t noticed until they happen, often while doing an everyday activity such as bending over to tie shoes or picking up something off the floor.

Symptoms of osteoporosis include:

 

➔ Loss of height
➔ Pain when you walk, stand, or lie down
➔ Bone pain when you bend or twist your body (usually your back, hips, shoulders, or ribs)
➔ A decrease in bone density that shows up on X-rays

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Diagnosis

The first step in diagnosing osteoporosis is a physical exam by your doctor. You’ll have blood tests to measure your level of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone.

These are important because they play a role in how much calcium is released from your bones. If you have low levels of PTH or high levels of calcium, it could mean you have osteoporosis or another condition called hyperparathyroidism that makes bones weak and more likely to break.

Your doctor will also test your body’s ability to absorb vitamin D and how quickly new bone forms after injury. This helps him, or her determine if you need treatment for osteoporosis or if another condition needs treatment first.

 

Treatment

There are several types of treatment for osteoporosis:

Hormone therapy: In women after menopause, hormone therapy replaces estrogen and progesterone lost due to menopause. This helps rebuild bone mineral density.

Bisphosphonates: These drugs help prevent further loss of bone mass by decreasing osteoclast activity and increasing osteoblast activity. They include alendronate, ibandronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid. A newer drug called denosumab is an antibody that blocks RANKL, a molecule that signals osteocra.

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